Unlike previous approaches that have concentrated upon explaining fear of crime, the SCP research has found there to be a variety of risks and effects attached by members of the public to problems of crime and disorder. If any of these are missing then the incident is not a signal, and is functioning as ‘background noise’. In order for a signal to be classed as being present, then an expression content and effect must be identified. You’re never sure who is round the corner or what they might do’ (content) and as a consequence they ‘don’t go there anymore unless I really have to’ (effect). It’s full of rubbish, covered in graffiti and there’s suspicious looking people hanging about’ (expression), that this caused them to ‘feel very anxious. Equally, someone may say that ‘the area is badly lit. Someone may say that they ‘saw a mugging’ (expression), that this caused them to ‘perceive a risk to their safety’ (content) and as a consequence they ‘avoid that location’ (effect). The following examples show how these concepts can be employed for analytic purposes. Signals cause changes in how people think, how they feel and/or how they behave. The effect is the change that is caused by the expression and its content. In respect of signal crimes and signal disorders, the content is a sense of being ‘at risk’ in someway that is signified by the presence of the crime or disorder referenced in the expression. The content refers to the meaning that the expression has for the person. For example, if someone refers to a mugging or vandalism of a bus shelter, then this is the expression. The expression is the incident that is the focus of a member of the public’s concerns. What makes a signal?Īll signals are made up of three parts: Expression They can be social or physical in nature. Signal disorderĪ Signal disorder is an act that breaches situated conventions of social order and signifies the presence of other risks. Signal crimeĪ Signal crime is any criminal incident that causes change in the public’s behaviour and/or beliefs about their security. Some crimes and disorderly behaviours are thus held to matter more than others in shaping the public’s collective risk perceptions. The key idea of the Signal Crimes Perspective (SCP) is that some criminal and disorderly incidents function as warning signals to people about the distribution of risks to their security in everyday life.
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